We Indians are extremely fond of using flowers for decoration, puja, and other important functions. But many flowers have several additional benefits that we don’t praise them for. For instance, Rose, the queen of flowers, holds an important position in the ornamental flower industry. In the Northern Hemisphere alone, there are approximately 150 species of roses. Initially used for fragrance and medical purposes, the rose eventually came to be appreciated as an ornamental flower. Roses are the most important crop in the floriculture industry and attract both pollinators and human admirers. According to reports, the global rose extract market was valued at $ 411.4 Million in 2022. It is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 6.1 percent from 2022 to 2032. The global rose extract market is expected to reach a value of $ 742.7 Million by the end of 2032. 

People from urban as well as rural areas of India have started depending on the floriculture business. Here are some simple methods to follow for Rose Plantation:

Procedures Culture Rose

One of the most favorable facts about Roses is that they can be grown successfully under diverse climatic conditions. However, quality flowers are obtained in areas with bright sunny days, cool nights, moderate humidity, and the absence of strong winds. Generally, it prefers a day temperature of 25 to 300 C and a night temperature of 15 to 160 degrees Celsius. Long days of 12 hours and humidity of 60 to 70 percent favor growth and quality flower production. During flower bud initiation, long days play an important role, but the later stage of bud development is influenced by light intensities. Additional light and temperature promote early flowering under protected conditions.

Precautions to take while Planting Rose Plants

Site selection is very important for successful rose cultivation. The site chosen for planting roses should receive full sun. Partial shade on hot summer afternoons is preferred for the plants. For garden roses, the planting area should not be too close to tall trees. The rose plantation site should be dust free.

Roses can be cultivated in medium loamy, organically rich, well-drained soils at least 40-50 cm deep. The substrate must be able to absorb and store sufficient moisture. Rose plants do not like heavy, poorly aerated, loamy soil. For clay soils, it is recommended to mix sand with well-decomposed FYM to make it porous. The best soil for roses has a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 and an electrical conductivity of less than one. Today, artificial media such as coco peat, perlite, and mixtures of coco peat and perlite are preferred. Because they are inert, sterile, and lack cation exchange capacity, the applied nutrients are directly available to the rose plants. Roses are one of the most sensitive plants when it comes to salt tolerance. Bud plants are less tolerant of soil and climatic conditions than plants grown from cuttings.

Roses are perennials and will stay in the same flower bed for years. Early soil preparation should preferably begin in the summer months. Mix a fully decomposed base dose of 6-8 kg/m2 dry before bed preparation. The amount of inorganic fertilizer depends on the fertility of the soil. In areas buds to termites, a termite repellent such as chlorpyrifos should be applied to the soil before planting. Rectangular 30cm stilts with a 40-50cm wide passage between the two beds offer certain advantages for cultural institutions. The width of the bed should be 1.0m, and the length of the bed should be based on the size of the playhouse. For rectangular beds, it is recommended to plant in two rows. The average plant population is seven to nine plants per square meter.

Planting 

Rose plants feast in low temperatures, and root growth is active in the winter. It can be grown in any season as it is not a seasonal plant. In addition to the locations in the hills, October is the most suitable time for planting roses. In the plantation area, if the temperature is more, it can be cultured in the open field from October-November and February to March. It is best to plant the rose plant in rows. To get maximum flowering shoots, roses should preferably be planted at a spacing of 20-25 cm from plant to plant, and 50 cm row to row within beds may be required for Hybrid Teas and Floribunda. Roses should be planted on thoroughly prepared pits in beds. Before planting, this should ensure that the soil is just moist in beds. The depth of planting will vary with the type of planting materials. The budded plants are planted in such a way that the budding/matrix point should remain 5-7 cm above the soil surface.

Irrigation

Roses are very water-loving and require 1-2 inches of water each week. Depending on the size of the shrub, more may be needed during hot, dry seasons. Despite needing water, roses do not like to stand in water, and it is important to provide proper drainage. Watering should be done in the morning. Avoid evening watering as it can promote powdery mildew, which is common on roses. Watering is required only during the dry season.

Pruning

Pruning is one of the most important tasks in rose cultivation, affecting flower yield and quality. When pruning, remove all dry, diseased, weak, and intersecting shoots and open the middle of the bush. Also, remove the branches coming out of the rhizome.

The best time to prune is when the rose is dormant or near dormant. It depends on the climatic conditions of the rose-growing area. Hybrid teas and floribundas typically take 45-50 days to flower after pruning. The best time to prune on flat ground is between October and November mid. In hilly areas with freezing winters, pruning takes place from the last week of February until mid-March.

 

Diseases

Fungi such as Colletotrichum sp. have also been found in associated with back ailments. The severity of the disease is noticed after circumcision surgery. As the site name suggests, the symptoms of this disease are blackening at the top of the stem and spreading rapidly downwards. You can prevent disease by taking care when pruning. Cuts should be made obliquely with sharp pruning shears. A penetrating fungicide such as Bavistin 0.2 percent should be applied immediately after cutting. The disease is controlled by resecting the affected area to 2-3 cm below the healthy area and using Bavistin paste.